Graphic Design 2.2: Design Futures, Project 1: ‘Back to the Future’ Exercise 1
Exercise 1: Designs for Change
Based on your research so far, design a set of pictogrammes/symbols that can be used as screen and print based icons for each of the four industrial revolutions.
You will need to design four symbols for each of the industrial revolutions and your final design dimensions should be 512 x 512 pixels.
You will need to:
Research the design of pictogrammes, symbols, icons and signs in order to inform the initial development of ideas and visual concepts. Document your research in your learning log.
Generate a range of initial ideas that explore the abstraction and simplification of your visual elements in order to produce a clear, effective and scalable symbol.
Consider, explore and test a range of decisions relating to weight of line, colour, tone and composition before deciding on which of your visual concepts should be developed further
Once you have finalised your designs, post them to your learning log and evaluate your responses in relation to the examples you identified in your initial research from the start of the exercise.
I continued into researching some more tactile looking illustrations/pictograms. This style could be interesting to experiment with as well as the cleaner icon style design.
Figures 19/20 show some more examples of a bold and minimal logo/icon design, using clean line work. Figure 21 is an example of the opposite, here is work by Peter Saville for Lacoste. These were his logo design experiments where he used different shapes, line weights and movement to represent the iconic clothing brand logo. This is a fun experiment and could be interesting to apply the same thought process to this task.
After collating some symbol/pictogram/logo references I continued to research each industrial revolution and made mood boards of imagery. I made notes, word maps and jotted any initial ideas.
I began by looking back at the previous research/reading tasks, and picked out some visuals that stood out to me in particular, shown below.
I continued to collate visual research (figure 22-66) of each industrial revolution, whilst sketching some design ideas.
Figure 9 is a mood board collating my favourite elements of a visual identity by ‘Out of Place Studio’ for The National Education Nature Park. The icons created for this identity are a perfect example of meaningful, simple, fun designs with a colour palette that only adds to the meaning of the designs.
I began this task by collating visual references of symbols, icons, logos and signs of various different styles and functions in order to have a broad set of visual inspiration to draw from.
Figure 15 is another visual identity I came across when researching which has some great pictographs/icons as well as colours and line work that I can take as inspiration.
Figure 18 is a collection of Allan Peters’ icon/logo design work in black and white. The clean line work and bold imagery works so well, even in black and white. I would like to experiment with colour during this task as well as black and white/compare the effects of the use of colour/lack of within my designs.
Figure 24 (Video)
Figure 60:
First industrial revolution design process:
I took this task as an opportunity to develop my skills in Illustrator, the software I have used the least. I felt that a minimal and clean looking symbol would be best as it is more likely to be scalable and easily remembered.
I also wanted to experiment with some more tactile looking symbols, inspired by Peter Saville’s Lacoste logos. I chose a Chippendale chair from the 1700s as researched in the previous task to represent the first industrial revolution here. I felt like the design of the chair was very intricate and shows hand craftsmanship, which I felt were key elements of the first industrial revolution.
After creating some designs I began to consider colour further, in relationship to each industrial revolution. I created some colour palettes (shown in colour testing image) with the idea to experiment with 2/3 colours for each era.
I did a quick word association page for each industrial revolution. I then began to sketch ideas, some were more obvious, others more abstract. I referred to the mood boards of related images I had made and the research of different pictogram/symbols/logo designs.
Ideas 1
Certain shapes stood out to me that I felt strongly encapsulated the first industrial revolution, such as; gears/cogs, water (water power), steam (steam engines), steel production (hexagon shape)/Bessemer process.
Second industrial revolution design process:
I thought that the key elements that defined the second industrial revolution were the inventions around electricity such as the lightbulb, electric generator/AC current system in the later 1800s and then the use of plugs and pylons in the early 1900s. I also wanted to capture the culture/energy of the later era such as changes in workers rights, women’s rights and a growth of ‘popular culture’ (designs/shapes used were raised fist, Heinz packaging shape, early telephone shape).
Third industrial revolution design process:
The third industrial revolution saw the moon landing early on, the introduction of the internet, early robot technologies and changes in popular culture, design and society. I wanted to create designs that encapsulated different eras within the third industrial revolution and tried to combine different elements/visuals together to create my symbols.
Industry 4.0 design process:
Industry 4.0 is a more abstract concept, so I wanted to include visuals that represent ideas and the future. I experimented with abstract shapes/ideas and also more obvious ones such as a drone/robot. Referring to my mood boards I experimented with various abstract shapes with an aim to represent the future and the growth of AI technology including its potential impact and knowledge. This included solar system/explosion/star-like imagery.
Final designs:
With my designs I wanted to create minimal, clear and scalable symbols, in a similar style to the signage/packaging type symbols shown in figures 5,6,7 combined with the logo styles of figures 18,19,20. Inspired by my research shown in figure 15/17 I wanted to present the final symbols in colour and as a group/layered on top of an image. I really liked the presentation of the branding in figure 15 and thought that this could be an effective way to present the symbols. I used Midjourney to create an image that I felt represented each industrial revolution, edited it in Lightroom and layered the icons in Photoshop.
First industrial revolution:
The first (left to right) icon came from my initial sketches trying to combine visuals of water/steam power and a cog or wheel. After producing other designs this expanded to trying to include train track imagery and to represent movement. In the end I went with the straight line design over the wavy as I felt it could also look like lines of people working (figure 25-29), a train track or even a saw in motion/like the cog (saw) has cut through material. I went with the sideways profile as opposed to the cog being upright as if I turned it around 90 degrees, it looked derivative of a sunset over water.
The next design was inspired by a steam powered locomotive. I wanted to combine the shape of a Lenox Madeira bottle from the previous tasks research into a Locomotive shape. The bottle shape was kind of lost in the final design due to the negative space in between the circle (front of locomotive) and the chimney which I felt looked better than when they were a solid shape. Looking back, this final icon looks quite disjointed and perhaps could’ve been worked into another shape or combined with another icon in a different way to connect the shapes and make it feel/appear more ‘together’.
The next icon was inspired by a Bessemer, another invention that I felt was an integral part of the first industrial revolution. I had initially experimented with the Bessemer design to be within a hexagon shape and now feel as if this would’ve been a better design. Visually I prefer the Bessemer design alone but the hexagon shape was meant to make it feel stronger/relate to it’s purpose- steel production.
The final symbol was inspired by Peter Saville’s Lacoste logo designs shown in figure 21. I hand drew a Chippendale chair from the mid 1700’s from the previous tasks research and then vectorised it in Illustrator. I felt that the other 3 designs were more focused on the industrial side of the First industrial revolution and that the chair represented the more artistic changes culturally and within design. Again, looking back I don’t feel like the final design is very strong or works very well, I like the more tactile feel to it but when comparing to examples such as in figure 1 where they are clear and scalable, it doesn’t seem to work. Perhaps the hexagonal shape would work better for the Bessemer design and further chair-like designs could be explored for the hand-drawn icon.
Second industrial revolution:
My second industrial revolution symbol designs were particularly inspired by figure 12 and specifically the last icon design of the fist, inspired by figures 10-14. The overall colour palette was inspired by figure 12. I wanted to use colours that represented electricity, which was one of the main areas of the second industrial revolution I wanted to focus on as there were so many world changing inventions related to electricity during this time, such as the lightbulb, telephone, electric generator and motor.
My first design was inspired by various plugs, sockets and drawings (figure 61) with an aim to form a circle that looked like a spinning generator/motor. The final design is quite abstract and looking back I am not sure of it’s visual effectiveness and perhaps even further designs of it could’ve been explored.
The second design was again hand drawn and inspired by figures 16/17/21. I had created a shape of the silhouette of a part of the first telephone (figure 30) and later thought to rotate it to include the Eiffel tower imagery inside of it as both the designs had similar angles/line-work. I felt that the Eiffel tower was a great example of change in architecture/engineering during this time period and represented a more modern energy that the second revolution was moving towards.
The third design was more simple and obvious, it was a lightbulb with a lightning bolt inside of it. This design changed quite a lot and was a result of experimenting/combining elements of other designs. I wanted the 3 lines at the side to represent movement/speed/energy and the change in society from a ‘slower’ pace to a faster pace. Faster in the sense of factory work/production, new technology and the more literal fast pace of transport and communication. This icon in particular to me looks the least balanced and I don’t feel like it works visually.
The final icon was a combination of 2 images/ideas that I hadn’t originally planned to go together. The orange silhouette is from packaging off of a Heinz bottle (figure 31), which I felt represented the beginnings of a more consumeristic society/beginnings of ‘brands’. The fist was made to represent the changes in workers rights and beginnings of change in women’s rights. The jagged line style was inspired by figure 10-14 and I thought this style could work well conceptually with the fist representing change and the lines visually being more harsh. Visually I am unsure if this ‘worked’, my design looks quite flat. When looking back at figures 10-14 they are more stylised, playful and include a use of different colours. I created the shapes digitally, perhaps doing this by hand, for example directly cutting out paper and arranging the shapes could add more ‘life’ to it and relate to the fist/hand shape in the sense that it has been done by hand.
Third industrial revolution:
The third industrial revolution again brought in world changing technology. I wanted to represent these different areas of technology with my icon designs. I wanted them to look more modern/clinical/functional, even if they weren’t actually showing how or what a particular area of technology does. My aim was for the symbols to represent a more modern era by trying to make them look like something you could see on a street sign or warning sign. I referred back to figures 1,4 and 5 in particular as these included modern day icons/signage such as stop signs etc. The colours I used were intended to represent new technology/metal/robotics/ai (grey colour) with the pink/red colour looking more energetic meaning innovation/something different or new.
The first icon was to represent both advances in medicine, digital technology and to highlight the rise in modern addictions such as gaming, social media etc. Looking back, I feel like this design could’ve been experimented with further. The final design looks quite flat and could include something like a drip from the end of the needle, or further details on the main shape of it. The aim was to keep them all very minimal and modern, but this one I feel needs further work.
The second icon design wasn’t originally planned but after creating other designs- robotic arms and a cursor, I saw how they could be combined visually, and kept experimenting with different angles and layouts until this version. I tried to combine the end of a robotic arm with a computer cursor, with the arm picking up the end of the cursor. I quite liked the idea of the modern robotic arm picking up the cursor/mouse, but I am unsure if the final result works or looks like the robotic arm at all.
The third icon was more abstract. It was inspired by a photo/the shape of a Michel Ducaroy sofa set. I felt that these sofas represented a change in culture and art, moving towards a more experimental and abstract modern era. Although this symbol is not obviously showing an image of a sofa/chair, I wanted to design it to have a more modern feeling to it, even without knowing the context of it or without seeing the photo the shape was derived from.
The fourth symbol was inspired by laser cutting and modern engineering technology like CNC machines. I combined with imagery with a power button to again represent new technology and the new digital world. I feel like this symbol is too cluttered and oddly shapes. Perhaps other shapes and designs could be explored to represent the same imagery, such as different angles or using negative space in different parts of the design.
Industry 4.0:
My designs for industry 4.0 were particularly inspired by figures 19 and 20. The examples in figure 19/20 are minimal, clear and effective. I tried to create different designs to encapsulate the potential of industry 4.0. The colours I went for here were different tones of green to represent a more environmentally focused future and to contrast with what the symbols were images of (robotics, technology etc). I liked the idea of the contrast as industry 4.0 aims to be ‘greener’ with new technology, despite contributing towards overproduction etc.
My first design began very abstract and was initially a hand drawn star/explosion shape. The shape was to represent an explosion of new technology, ai, space travel etc. I liked the idea of it being hand drawn as this made it feel more dynamic/like it had life but I preferred the digital shapes as it felt more aligned to industry 4.0 in the sense that it is related to new technology, AI etc.
My second design was intended to represent AI automated systems, for example within factories and the example being Amazon warehouses from the previous tasks research. Looking back, the end result is quite flat and boring, not really having the intended message I wanted it to. Perhaps other elements/shapes could be involved related to robotics to exaggerate this idea and make it more obvious.
My third design is again more obvious and represents robotics/ai/future technology. This was derived from 2 designs, the brain/human body fusing with technology idea and the initial robot hand design. I quite like the end result but feel like more detailed could be added to make it more visually interesting- despite wanting to keep it minimal, other elements could work well such as spaces between the sections of fingers etc.
The last design is representative of a drone and again new technology. I created various versions of the drone shape but looking back I feel that this could’ve been combined with other shapes to create a more interesting symbol. For example I could’ve expanded on more the design including the shape from the first symbol acting as the drone blades or included something to indicate motion such as arrows or having the blades at different angles.
Resources:
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Figure 51: Figure 50: Wikipedia contributors (2025) Second Industrial Revolution, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Industrial_Revolution&oldid=1306835008.
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Figure 55: Wikipedia contributors (2025) Second Industrial Revolution, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Industrial_Revolution&oldid=1306835008.
Figure 56: Wikipedia contributors (2025) Second Industrial Revolution, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Industrial_Revolution&oldid=1306835008.
Figure 57: Wikipedia contributors (2025) Second Industrial Revolution, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Industrial_Revolution&oldid=1306835008.
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Figure 59: Women’s rights (no date) Umd.edu. Available at: https://exhibitions.lib.umd.edu/unions/social/womens-rights (Accessed: 20 August 2025).
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Figure 61: Wikipedia contributors (2025) History of AC power plugs and sockets, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_AC_power_plugs_and_sockets&oldid=1267941613. (Accessed: 20 August 2025).
Figure 62: Dynamo electric machine (no date) Usf.edu. Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT). Available at: https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/76400/76401/76401_machine.htm (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
Figure 63: Cartwright, M. (2023) ‘Top 10 inventions of the industrial revolution’, World History Encyclopedia [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2204/top-10-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution/ (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
Figure 64: Cartwright, M. (2023) ‘Top 10 inventions of the industrial revolution’, World History Encyclopedia [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2204/top-10-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution/ (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
Figure 65: Cartwright, M. (2023) ‘Top 10 inventions of the industrial revolution’, World History Encyclopedia [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2204/top-10-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution/ (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
Figure 66: Wikipedia contributors (2025) Information Age, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_Age&oldid=1307143873. (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
Figure 67: 11+ Thousand Solar Panel Satellite royalty-free images, stock photos & pictures (no date) Shutterstock. Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/solar-panel-satellite?dd_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F (Accessed: 23 August 2025).
